These information objectives include systems, designs, components, radiation hardened chips, integrated circuits, software, manuals, precision optics, thermal imaging systems, production techniques, etc. I would add that U.S. universities should also increase the scrutiny of their collaborative research projects with Chinese institutions and researchers to make sure that U.S. institutions are not inadvertently facilitating the transfer of proprietary and/or sensitive technology and expertise to China, while continuing to engage in legitimate and positive research collaborations. First, I will offer an assessment of aspects of the threat. Advocating support for terrorist organizations DoD personnel who suspect a coworker of possible espionage should, Report directly to your CI or Security Office, Cyber vulnerabilities to DoD Systems may include, Disgruntled or Co-opted employee They motivate these individuals to act at home or encourage them to travel. We will continue working to identify individuals who seek to join the ranks of foreign fighters traveling in support of ISIS, those foreign fighters who may attempt to return to the United States, and HVEs who may aspire to attack the United States from within. Composed of subject matter experts from both the Criminal Investigative and Counterterrorism Divisions, the fusion cell offers program coordination from FBI Headquarters, helps ensure seamless information sharing across divisions, and augments investigative resources. An adversary uses technical countermeasures to block a previously undisclosed or classified U.S. intercept technology. There is also a national construct in place (however redundant) to ensure intelligence information objectives are satisfied by collecting foreign information and technology. And this is a pervasive reality. Beginning under President Obama and continuing under President Trump, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) has launched programs to encourage the private sector to harden defenses. Broadly speaking, the government response can be divided into three parts: encouraging better defense; prosecuting spies; and increasing costs in an effort to punish and deter unconventional spying. The International Trade Commission (ITC) has authority under Section 337 to investigate claims that an import uses stolen U.S. IP and to exclude infringing products, and has excluded a number of Chinese products in recent years. The goals of the FBIs counterintelligence work are to: Economic espionage costs the American economy hundreds of billions of dollars per year and puts our national security at risk. The winners will be those who break the old rules of the spy game and work out new ones. The term APT is commonly used in reference to the cyber threat posed by foreign intelligence services, or hackers working on behalf of such entities, but is not limited just to this and can equally be applied to other threat actors such as organized crime syndicates and those involved in traditional espionage. Our adversaries are continuously trying to undermine our country, whether it is election season or not. These diverse threats underscore the complexity and breadth of the FBIs mission: to protect the American people and uphold the Constitution of the United States. This was often the case in illegal export of military technology, source code, large-scale agricultural and industrial production and manufacturing techniques. The threats posed by foreign fighters, including those recruited from the U.S., are very dynamic. It is seen by many who enter messaging apps and participate in social networks. The charges included acting as an agent of a foreign government without notifying the attorney general, a charge the Justice Department has referred to as "espionage lite," a violation of . That type of understanding takes evidence based off detailed analysis of a sufficient body of data. U.S. companies continue to need to make major investments in hardening their defenses against cyber threats and to train employees to be vigilant against Chinese espionage. This initiative will also work to use tools like the Foreign Agent Registration Act (FARA) to require better disclosure of Chinese activities across the United States. Information gathered and activities conducted to identify, deceive, exploit, disrupt, or protect against espionage, other intelligence activities, sabotage, or assassinations conducted for or on behalf of foreign powers, organizations or persons or their agents or international terrorist organizations. This button displays the currently selected search type. DoD Personnel should report to their CI Element, supporting MSCO or commander. To date these authorities have been deployed against individuals and companies from Russia and Iran in response to cyberattacks, but have yet to be deployed against Chinese entities engaged in or benefiting from economic espionage or other cyberattacks against the U.S. The State Department has recently pressed U.S. allies to similarly restrict the use of high-risk Chinese-made network equipment in their national telecommunications networks. Cyber Attacks, Potential espionage indicators (PEIs) are activities by an individual who may have volunteered or been recruited by a foreign entity as a writing espionage agent. Fortunately, efforts here in Congress, including by Chairman Grassley and other members of this Committee, have drawn public attention to this issue, and Assistant Attorney General Demers and the Department of Justice have significantly expanded FARA enforcement. The widespread availability of malicious software (malware) that can create botnets allows individuals to leverage the combined bandwidth of thousands, if not millions, of compromised computers, servers, or network-ready devices to disrupt the day-to-day activities of governments, businesses, and individual Americans. The Trump administration should also continue deploying regulatory tools such as the October Commerce Department Action against Fujian Jinhua to impose real costs on Chinese companies that seek to benefit from economic espionage. emailStay Connected The Trump administration should also expand these efforts by deploying the sanctions authorities under E.O.s 13757 and 13694, which authorize Treasury to sanction people, companies, and entities that engage in a cyber-enabled espionage and other cyberattacks. Figure 4: Adapted from Office of the Director of National Intelligence. The distribution pattern shows activity concentrations occurring in high-tech sectors, manufacturing hubs, and business centers. A fine of not more than $5,000,000, Personnel who fail to report CI activities of concern as outlined in Enclosure 4 of DoD Directive 5240.06 are subject to appropriate disciplinary action under regulations, Under DoDD 5240.06 Reportable Foreign Intelligence Contacts, Activities, Indicators and Behavior; which of the following is reportable, Contact with known or suspected foreign intelligence Just $5 a month. Therefore, when it comes to national security, it is vital that the men and women of our national intelligence community collect reliable domestic and foreign intelligence information involving criminal, clandestine and warlike activity. Trends may shift, but the underlying drivers for domestic violent extremismsuch as perceptions of government or law enforcement overreach, socio-political conditions, racism, anti-Semitism, Islamophobia, and reactions to legislative actionsremain constant. I the Handling phase the foreign intelligence officer will instruct the target on specific information needed. Chairman Grassley, Ranking Member Feinstein, and Honorable Members of the Committee, it is a pleasure to be invited to speak to you today about one of the most important trade and national security issues that the U.S. confronts today: Chinas unconventional espionage against the United States. Fines Economic espionage, which is mainly conducted by private companies or individuals, makes up 23.5 percent of cases. Cleared contractor facility The resources and capabilities of such actors vary. The FBI is the lead agency for exposing, preventing, and investigating intelligence activities in the U.S. Because much of today's spying is accomplished by data theft from computer networks,. Traditional espionage, often characterized by career foreign intelligence officers acting as diplomats or ordinary citizens, and asymmetric espionage, typically carried out by students, researchers, or businesspeople operating front companies, is prevalent. The FITF is also working with international partners to exchange intelligence and strategies for combating what is a shared threat. Terms of Service. I left the Members with what I thought was an ominous warning: Do something about this now or youll be calling me back in 20 years screaming: My God, how did this happen? Well, they never called me back, but if recent FBI arrests are any indication, the problem has gotten worse a lot worse. A person who commits espionage is called an espionage agent or spy. A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. Most widely reported these days are attempts by adversarieshoping to reach a wide swath of Americans covertly from outside the United Statesto use false personas and fabricated stories on social media platforms to discredit U.S. individuals and institutions. The bottom line is that if there is information out there that China thinks is of value, the odds are that China has or will try to steal it. The objective of this espionage was to steal intellectual data and confidential business information about the engine. This report presents initial findings from analysis of 274 documented cases of Chinese worldwide espionage since the year 2000. The foreign intelligence officer begins pay the target for his efforts. Congress passed the CFAA to prohibit hacking, but the law also prohibits hacking back in which victims of cyber espionage and other hacking take active steps to interfere with the hackers computers. Sanctions are more of a marathon than a sprint, and the long-term picture looks much more promising than the short-term one. By The goal of cyber espionage, which may also be referred to as cyber spying, is to provide the attacker with information that gives them advantages over competing companies or governments. Almost 25 percent of cases target commercial interests. First order effects of China's espionage include the impact on the U.S. economy through loss of intellectual property. In some of those cases (perhaps 20 percent), there was a clearly identifiable Chinese government or SOE as the ultimatecustomer for illegal exports or trade secrets. The two use similar language to talk about China, but that doesn't mean their positions are the same. Familial ties, or close associations, with terrorist or their supporters Advocating violence for terrorist organization For example, if China purchased this information, it could cross-reference location information with data it stole from the Office of Personnel Management about U.S. government employees, or against public record data about corporate executives. The US government has taken a range of measures to counter Chinese espionage and protect American interests. Most of Chinas espionage activities are not traditional espionage, yet they are having a profoundimpact on Americas economic wellbeing, national security, and potentially our political and governance processes. Solicitation and marketing of services More than 60 percent of Chinas attempts to illegally export U.S. critical technologies are targeted at military technologies or space systems. Be observant Of course, China may well prove unwilling to make the necessary concessions. As I said earlier, I commend the work of the Department of Justice, the FBI, the Department of Homeland Security, USTR and other federal agencies to address Chinas unconventional espionage threat. A lock () or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. ISIS is not the only terrorist group of concern. The 1986 Computer Fraud and Abuse Act (CFAA) makes it illegal for Americans to access a computer without authorization. These criminals have also increased the sophistication of their schemes, which are more difficult to detect and more resilient to disruption than ever. Recruiting personnel for a terrorist organization Espionage threat from the Chinese government: "We believe that there's no other country than China that poses the most severe intelligence threat to America. The. But theres just as much, if not more, tracking in the virtual world.". Recent prosecutions, however, have relied on 951. International conventions, seminars, and exhibits The International Trade Commission (ITC) has authority to ban the import of products that are made with stolen U.S. IP, and in recent years U.S. companies have successfully petitioned the ITC to ban such products from entering the U.S. market. Congressional cybersecurity legislation enacted in 2014 has also played an important role in improving U.S. government efforts to harden U.S. defenses against Chinese and other attacks. I also want to offer brief remarks on the second, partly overlapping type of unconventional Chinese espionage that merits a forceful U.S. response: espionage against U.S. colleges and universities. For example, China and Chinese companies have repeatedly paid off corporate insiders at U.S. and western companies to simply walk out the door with high-value trade secrets. Dynamically explore and compare data on law firms, companies, individual lawyers, and industry trends. Do not prove for information - nonchalantly ask questions about them. Expressing an obligation to engage in violence But China is by far the most active practitioner of economic espionage today. We, along with our law enforcement partners, face significant challenges in identifying and disrupting HVEs. Any other statement in column 2 has effect according to its terms. The most persistent threats to the nation and to U.S. interests abroad are homegrown violent extremists (HVEs), domestic violent extremists, and foreign terrorist organizations (FTOs). The act of securing information of a military or political nature that a competing nation holds secret. U.S. intelligence, security, and law enforcement apparatus is just starting, 20 years later, to catch on. But the interconnectedness of the modern world, combined with the anonymity of the Internet, have changed the nature of the threat and how the FBI and its partners must address it. The problem is that these recent indictments and arrests are only two of hundreds, if not thousands of cases. FIRRMA provides important new tools for the U.S. government to screen potential foreign investments in the U.S. for national security risks. Foreign officials reveal details they should not have known. In intelligence terminology, information objectives identify the specific information (or technology) that is tasked for collection. The definition of 'foreign principal' (proposed section 90.2) includes a 'foreign government principal' and in the Bill as introduced, the definition of 'foreign government principal' (proposed section 90.3) included a 'foreign political organisation'. The FBI uses all lawful investigative techniques and methods to combat these terrorist threats to the United States. Spies might seem like a throwback to earlier days of world wars and cold wars, but they are more common than everand they are targeting our nations most valuable secrets. Advertisement. : the practice of spying or using spies to obtain information about the plans and activities especially of a foreign government or a competing company industrial espionage Synonyms spying See all Synonyms & Antonyms in Thesaurus Example Sentences An analysis ofoperational activities reveals a wide range of tradecraft practices (see Figure 5): As illustrated, the most frequently employed elements of tradecraft include using false names or documents to ship information or technology. These techniques were used approximately one-third of the time. DOJ officials initially touted one such law, the Foreign Agents Registration Act (FARA), 22 U.S.C. Al Qaeda maintains its desire for large-scale, spectacular attacks. 2 Commencement. On October 30, 2018 the U.S. Department of Justice announced the indictment of 10 Chinese intelligence officers and cyber hackers from the Ministry of State Security (MSS), Chinas main civilian espionage organization. Similarly, CFIUS should ensure that if the Chinese government has stolen or attempted to steal U.S. technology, no Chinese company should be able to acquire a U.S. company that designs or makes the technology that China attempted to steal. This is a significant transformation from the terrorist threat our nation faced a decade ago. But government tools must also be an important part of the U.S. government response. Power, Crossroads Based on an actual case, the video illustrates how one company was targeted by foreign actors and what the FBI did to help. departments and their authorities in a long-term, whole-of-government effort to raise the costs of bad behavior and advance the Administration's national security strategy. This Committee and the Congress as a whole should consider legislative reforms to expand the reach of FARA or to adopt other disclosure legislation that would ensure that Chinese activities related to universities and other non-profits are fully subject to public disclosure requirements. Echoing other terrorist groups, ISIS has advocated for lone offender attacks in Western countries. Former National Security Agency Director Keith Alexander has called Chinas IP theft greatest transfer of wealth in history. And as the 2018 NCSC report noted, the threat is growing due to expanded cloud-based computer networks and the internet of things (the home appliances, cars, and other things that will be connected to the internet)--which, according to the NCSC will create an incalculably larger exploitation space for cyber threat actors., Casual discussions of Chinese economic espionage often focus on high-end cyber intrusions into U.S. corporate networks.
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