1845. Includes note, list to poplulation by states, and a bar graph showing the National Publishing Company (Boston, Mass.). W.B. The final map in the series showed the United States full territorial extent. Annexation of independent republic. 34. See, for example, James C. Fernald, The Imperial Republic (New York, 1899); Alpheus H. Snow, The Administration of Dependencies: A Study of the Evolution of the Federal Empire, with Special Reference to American Colonial Problems (New York, 1902); and Willis Fletcher Johnson, A Century of Expansion (New York, 1903). diss., University of California, Berkeley, 2014). Acquisition History - U.S. Department of Defense DOCUMENT 2 United States Acquisitions and Annexations, 1857-1904DOCUMENT 2 United States Acquisitions and Annexations, 18571904 0 1000 ASIA 1847 1898 1898 '899 thitedStatespssessims (withdate acqus&n) ofinnuee theUnitedStates STATESMidwayis.1867 WakeL 1899 189 1858 1898 How4andt. ^ a b c d e f g h i j World Atlas. commonwealth status as Federated States of Following are the historical territorial acquisitions of the United States : For information on internal territorial acquisitions, see List of U.S.-Native American treaties . endstream It wound up its occupations, sometimes much faster than it might have (in 1943, Roosevelt suggested that the occupation of Korea should last forty years; it lasted three). Greater United States: Territory and Empire in U.S. History Opening to China, A State of Neutrality: State Development and Early American Neutrality, U.S. Art Museums and Exhibition Diplomacy, Cultural Intermediaries and the Sounds of Freedom, About the Society for Historians of American Foreign Relations, Receive exclusive offers and updates from Oxford Academic, Copyright 2023 Society for Historians of American Foreign Relations. 1856; under the jurisdiction of the U.S. Perhaps not coincidentally, this was precisely the time when the Wisconsin School developed its understanding of U.S. empire as an informal undertaking. Donald M. Seekins, Historical Setting, in Ronald E. Dolan, Philippines: A Country Study (Washington, DC: Federal Research Division, Library of Congress, 1991), 41. I am here counting Washington, D.C., among the states, even though it is a district, not a state, and lacks the full rights that states have. The territorial governor of Alaska, Ernest Gruening, saw it that way, and drafted a book in 1954 entitled Alaska is a Colony (never published, but held in the Ernest Gruening Papers, box 754, folder 316, Alaska and Polar Regions Department, Archives and Manuscripts, University of AlaskaFairbanks). 9; Lauren B. Hirshbergs dissertation about Kwajalein island and neighboring Ebeye, Targeting Kwajalein: U.S. It is somewhat absurd to compare that figure to the actual number of black people, given the arbitrary and variable nature of race as a social construction (particularly so within the empire). Imperial maps are discussed in Susan Schulten, The Geographical Imagination in America, 18801950 (Chicago, IL, 2001), 3844, 17680. Dorr v. United States , 195 U.S. 138, 155 (1904) (Harlan, J. M., dissenting). WhatsApp Chat is free, download and try it now here! One might rightly ask whether, in accepting the category of the Greater United States, historians would be implicitly endorsing or naturalizing the United States empire. and Germany, Leased from Panama The Oregon Treaty with Great Britain. Fifteen years before his famous address to the American Historical Association, the Epic of Greater America, Bolton published a series of classroom maps and an atlas with Albert Bushnell Hart. 46. United States--Territorial expansion. That was undoubtedly less than lived in the world-straddling British Empire, where there were roughly ten colonial subjects for every inhabitant of the British Isles. 8. - 37, To that accounting should be added the overseas military bases that the United States took during the warthe third arc in the history of the Greater United States. 1 0 obj In 1898, the rush of imperial expansion encouraged a new understanding of the United States as the Greater United States. 32. 1. Soo Sung Cho, Korea in World Politics, 19401950: An Evaluation of American Responsibility (Berkeley, CA, 1967), 23, 34. More about Copyright and other Restrictions. 1846. 14. In that sense, the overseas colonies are the key to the Greater United States. One might think its because U.S. historians are exceptionalists and dont pay attention to empire. Zone in Austria (2,650): John D. Hilldring, American Policy in Occupied Areas (Washington, DC: 1947), 24; U.S. for $7.2 million; statehood 1959, Annexation of independent republic; statehood 1959, Purchased from Spain The United States of America : including all its newly acquired territory. Congress officially annexed Alaska in 1884 America Acquires Alaska U. [from old catalog] Created / Published Boston, Small, Maynard & company, 1904. I have emphasized the United States overseas colonies, places like Puerto Rico and the Philippines. a convenience, and may not be complete or accurate. endobj 10 It is true that many of the currentinsular possessions of the United States are extraordinarily small (Wake Island: population 150; Swains Island: population 17). In the rest of the theater, it occurred on December 8th. $15 million plus 3.25 million in assumed claims, Unincorporated territory claimed under Guano Act of sovereign, self-governing republic, United Nations Trust Territory; in 1994 became a Counting Negroes on the mainland, American Samoa, Hawai'i, U.S. Virgin Islands, and Alaska; nonwhites in Puerto Rico; Negro and Negro-mixed in the Panama Canal Zone; and no one in the Philippines and Guam (for which racial breakdowns were not incorporated into the U.S. census) places U.S. blacks at 8.85% of the population. The same builders who built the famous New York and Pennsylvania suburbs constructed a planned community in Puerto Rico. To get a better sense of this, consider the historiographic fate of the Philippines, the largest U.S. colony by an order of magnitude, in our most prominent historical journals. You notice that Pearl Harbor was not just an isolated attack on one patch of U.S. soil but a blitzkrieg directed at U.S. and British colonial holdings in the Pacific. In 2000, the Puerto Rican Day Parade in New York was dedicated to Albizu (and to the struggle of Vieques against the U.S. Navy). Supporters of expansion denied that the United States sought to annex foreign lands. 34 Manila, the sixth-largest city in the United States (substantially larger than Boston or Washington, D.C.), was decimated. $.' Pdf. Between 1857 and 1903, the United States acquired many new territorial possessions around the globe. 46, The War on Terror has drawn our attention to how crucial small overseas sites can be to the projection of power. 4 0 obj Boston, Small, Maynard & company, 1904. Please see attached document for assignments needed. diss., University of Chicago, 2014). And for the U.S. nationals who inhabited those colonies, it was a traumatic affair. The more states followed Virginias lead, the larger the non-state territory grew. . The figure I have given for the black population attempts to account for black people throughout the Greater United States, not just on the mainland. With that, the United States was no longer a union of states alone but an amalgam of states and territories , which it has been ever since. If you count Puerto Rico as part of the United States (more about which below), it was the largest police massacre in U.S. history. Puerto Rican scholars have written a great deal about Albizu, who is a towering figure in Puerto Rican culture. endobj 11. Examine the map of US acquisitions and annexations. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Philippines Island, Midway Island, Guam and more. 1959, Annexation of independent republic; Statehood 1959, Acquired with Hawaii; under the jurisdiction of the 9. . According to U.S. Bureau of the Census, Reports on Population, Sixteenth Census of the United States: 1940 , vol. United States Acquisitions and Annexations, 1857-1904. The present historiographical preoccupation with U.S. empire is usually dated to 1959, the year that William Appleman Williamss The Tragedy of American Diplomacy was published. independent as Kiribati I jokingly describe this to my students as the Menacing Eagle School of History, after the many books in this vein whose covers depict eagles attacking the globe. Gift; Howard Roscoe; 1997. Theodore Friend writes that at least 500,000 Filipinos, 300,000 Japanese, and 40,000 mainlanders were killed in Between Two Empires: The Ordeal of the Philippines, 19291946 (New Haven, CT, 1965), 267. 32 And it included the internment of Alaska Natives from the Aleutian Islands by the U.S. government. What Is an Acquisition? Definition, Meaning, Types, and Examples To this day, the drawer in the mahogany table used by the Republican leadership to address the House has a jagged hole in it. following military victory; $15 million plus 3.25 million in assumed claims, Unincorporated territory claimed under Guano Act of 1856, Unincorporated territory annexed under Guano Act of 1856; Course Outcomes explored in this module: Lab Report 328 It has to do also with something deeper: our conception of the United States. (Lincoln, NE, 1984), esp. Despite a great deal of research that has been donewithin American Studies departments, within history departmentscolonized people and overseas territories still rarely feature in broad narratives about the United States. 18 Its worth noting, though, that Bolton himself was shaped by the 1898 moment. 26. The territorial acquisitions of the United States, 1787-1904, an historical review, - Why were so many new possessions located in the Pacific Ocean? Manua was annexed in 1904, then added to American Samoa. If this comes as news to you, youre in good company. From what I see coming down the dissertation pipeline, were going to see a lot more. Purchase from Mexico following American-Mexican War; $15 million plus 3.25 million in assumed claims. 38. assumed claims, Purchased from Spain for $5 million in assumed claims Its not only the Philippines. endobj <> Even as presidents disavowed territorial conquest, they dropped bombs, seized markets, meddled in foreign politics, and Coca-colonized the world. The mission of the historical office is to collect, preserve, and present the history of the Office of . In 1950, Albizu orchestrated a coordinated uprising throughout Puerto Rico, a rebellion so serious that the Puerto Rican National Guard used planes to suppress it, strafing the towns of Jajuya and Utuado from the sky. Though the overseas basing system shrank considerably in the immediate aftermath of the Second World War, the United States held onto hundreds of bases. Many of the most important books have been edited collections: Amy Kaplan and Donald Pease, eds., Cultures of United States Imperialism (Durham, NC, 1993); Frances Negrn-Muntaner and Ramn Grosfoguel, eds., Puerto Rico Jam: Rethinking Colonialism and Nationalism (Minneapolis, MN, 1997); Julian Go and Anne L. Foster, eds., The American Colonial State in the Philippines: Global Perspectives (Durham, NC, 2003); Catherine Lutz, ed., The Bases of Empire: The Global Struggle against U.S. Military Posts (New York, 2009); Alfred W. McCoy and Francisco A. Scarano, eds., Colonial Crucible: Empire in the Making of the Modern American State (Madison, WI, 2009); and Alyosha Goldstein, ed., Formations of United States Colonialism (Durham, NC, 2014). But moving it into the non-state column changes little. of the United States, Geography 20 Fish and Wildlife Service, Purchased from Spain for $20 millon following By 1791, when all of the Atlantic states except Georgia had given up their pretentions that their borders stretched to the western edge of the country, the states covered only slightly more than half (55%) of the United States. Then there is the Dr. Pedro Albizu Campos High School in the mass-produced suburb of Levittown. We levelled entire cities with our bombs and shell fire, explained the Philippine High Commissioner.